Syllabus content and objectives
Official JAMB Biology outline · C: Ecology
Content
Characteristics of sandy, loamy and clayey soils; soil structure, porosity, capillarity and humus content; soil components, including inorganic matter, organic matter, soil organisms, soil air and soil water.
Objective
Identify physical properties of different soil types using measurements of particle size, porosity and water retention; determine experimentally the amounts of air, water and humus and the capillarity of different soils; relate soil characteristics, types and components to healthy plant growth.
Content
Soil fertility: loss, renewal and maintenance; causes of fertility loss, including loss of inorganic matter, compaction, leaching, topsoil erosion and repeated cropping with one variety; conservation and fertility-enhancing practices, including contour ridging, terracing, mulching, polycropping, strip cropping, organic and inorganic fertilizers, crop rotation and shifting cultivation.
Objective
Relate soil-management practices to soil fertility; explain how inorganic matter loss, compaction, leaching, erosion and repeated monocropping reduce fertility; apply soil-conservation and fertility-maintenance methods.
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