JAMB Agricultural Science Syllabus
Every section, topic and candidate objective in the official JAMB Agricultural Science outline — 5 sections, 45 topics and 137 objectives.
- Sections
- 5sections
- Topics
- 45topics
- Objectives
- 137objectives
- Category
- Sciencescategory
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Syllabus sections
5 sectionsTap a section to open it, then tap a topic to see its content and objectives.
1Section A: General Agriculture
7 topics · 25 objectives
1Meaning and Scope of Agriculture
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Definition of Agriculture
Objective
Use the definition of Agriculture in modern terms as it relates to production, processing and marketing.
Content
b. Branches of Agriculture
Objective
Differentiate between the various branches of Agriculture.
Content
c. Types of Agriculture, i.e. subsistence and commercial
Objective
Differentiate between the various types of Agriculture, their advantages and disadvantages and their respective problems.
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2Importance of Agriculture
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
i. Provision of raw materials for agro-allied industries
Objective
Relate agricultural benefits to individual farmers and relate agro-allied industries to their respective raw materials.
Content
ii. Provision of employment
Objective
Relate the various contributions of Agriculture to economic development in West Africa.
Content
iii. Development of rural areas, etc.
Objective
Relate the various contributions of Agriculture to economic development in West Africa.
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3Agricultural Ecology
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Ecological zones of West Africa
Objective
Differentiate between the features of the ecological zones in West Africa.
Content
b. Agricultural products of each ecological zone
Objective
Classify agricultural products according to each ecological zone.
Content
c. Environmental factors and their effects on crop and livestock production
Objective
Differentiate abiotic from biotic factors affecting agricultural production.
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4Agricultural Genetics
5 content items · 5 objectives
Content
a. First and second laws of Mendel
Objective
Apply the first and second laws of Mendel to genetics.
Content
b. Cell division
Objective
Differentiate between the types of cell division.
Content
c. Terminologies, e.g. locus, alleles, genotype, dominance
Objective
Determine the outcome of genetic crossing involving homozygous and heterozygous traits, and compute simple probability ratios.
Content
d. Methods of crop improvement, e.g. introduction, selection, crossing, quarantine, etc.
Objective
Give reasons for crop improvement; distinguish between methods of crop improvement and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Content
e. Methods of animal improvement, e.g. introduction, breeding, quarantine and selection; breeding systems—inbreeding, line-breeding, crossbreeding, artificial insemination
Objective
Give reasons for animal improvement; differentiate between methods of animal improvement and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
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5Farm Inputs
1 content item · 1 objective
Content
Examples of farm inputs, e.g. planting materials, agrochemicals, etc.
Objective
Classify different types of farm inputs and their uses.
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6History of Agricultural Development in West Africa
5 content items · 5 objectives
Content
a. Agricultural systems, e.g. shifting cultivation, bush fallowing, etc.
Objective
Compare various agricultural systems.
Content
b. Problems of agricultural development, e.g. land tenure systems, inadequate infrastructure, inadequate finance for agriculture, environmental degradation, etc.
Objective
Identify problems of agricultural development, their effects and propose solutions.
Content
c. Establishment of national research institutes, e.g. NCRI, IAR, IAR&T, CRIN, NIFOR, FRIN, RRI, NRCRI, NIHORT, LCRI, and international research institutes, e.g. IITA, ILRI, ICRISAT, WARDA, leading to increased application of science to agricultural development
Objective
Trace the history of research institutes from past to present and assess their role in agricultural development.
Content
d. Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs), e.g. RTEP, FADAMA, etc.
Objective
Give reasons for the establishment of ADPs.
Content
e. National agricultural programmes, such as OFN, NAFPP, NALDA, Green Revolution, NCRPs, NARP, Project Coordinating Unit (PCU), etc.
Objective
Evaluate the contributions of national agricultural programmes.
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7Roles of Government and NGOs in Agricultural Development
5 content items · 5 objectives
Content
a. Development of fiscal policies favourable to agricultural production, e.g. import duties and bans on importation
Objective
Evaluate the effects of government policies on agricultural development.
Content
b. Agricultural laws and reforms, e.g. Land Use Act
Objective
Identify agricultural laws and their effect on agricultural production.
Content
c. Government programmes aimed at agricultural development, e.g. subsidies and credit facilities
Objective
Identify the various agricultural incentives provided by government and assess their effects on agricultural development.
Content
d. Provision of infrastructure, e.g. transport and communication systems
Objective
Compare the various infrastructural facilities provided by government and their uses.
Content
e. Contribution of NGOs to agricultural development
Objective
Examine the roles of NGOs in the development of agriculture.
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2Section B: Agronomy
15 topics · 50 objectives
1Rocks and Soil Formation
4 content items · 4 objectives
Content
a. Rock formation
Objective
Identify the major types of rocks and their formation.
Content
b. Factors affecting rock weathering and soil formation
Objective
Identify major types and properties of soils, and the factors and processes of soil formation.
Content
c. Physical properties of soil: soil profile; soil components, texture and structure
Objective
Differentiate between the horizons in a soil profile; differentiate between soil components; compute the proportion of soil components; analyse soil into its component parts; determine the water-holding capacity of soil.
Content
d. Chemical properties of soil: soil acidity and alkalinity; chemical components of soil, e.g. silicate
Objective
Determine the soil pH.
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2Soil Water and Soil Conservation
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Soil water: importance, sources, movement, management and conservation
Objective
Compare capillary, gravitational and hygroscopic water; determine water-holding capacity, wilting points, and plant-available and unavailable water; identify methods of soil-water management and conservation.
Content
b. Soil conservation: meaning and importance; causes, effects, prevention and control of leaching, erosion, continuous cropping, burning and oxidation of organic matter
Objective
Identify the causes of erosion and leaching and determine control methods.
Content
c. Irrigation and drainage methods
Objective
Classify irrigation and drainage systems; examine their importance and challenges.
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3Soil Fertility
4 content items · 4 objectives
Content
a. Macro- and micronutrients and their roles in plant nutrition; carbon, water and nitrogen cycles
Objective
Classify plant nutrients and identify factors affecting their availability.
Content
b. The living population of the soil (flora and fauna) and their roles in soil fertility
Objective
Examine the roles of soil flora and fauna in maintaining soil fertility.
Content
c. Maintenance of soil fertility: methods such as cover crops and application of organic manures
Objective
Compare methods of maintaining soil fertility; differentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizer and their methods of application; determine common fertilizer ratios.
Content
d. Nutrient deficiency symptoms, e.g. chlorosis, sickle leaves, stunting and apical necrosis
Objective
Identify deficiency symptoms and their causes, and suggest remedies.
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4Land Preparation and Soil Tillage
2 content items · 2 objectives
Content
a. Principles and practices of land preparation and soil tillage
Objective
Compare methods of land preparation and soil tillage in relation to different groups of crops, including their advantages and disadvantages.
Content
b. Factors affecting choice of tillage methods: zero tillage, minimum tillage, etc.
Objective
Give reasons for the choice of tillage methods.
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5Plant Forms and Functions
2 content items · 2 objectives
Content
a. Parts of monocot and dicot crop plants and their functions
Objective
Identify crop plant parts and their functions; distinguish between monocot and dicot crop plants.
Content
b. Anatomy and morphology of storage organs of common crop plants
Objective
Identify various storage organs of crop plants.
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6Growth, Development and Reproduction
4 content items · 4 objectives
Content
a. Gametogenesis
Objective
Examine the process of gamete formation.
Content
b. Pollination
Objective
Identify the different types of pollination.
Content
c. Fertilization
Objective
Analyse the process of fertilization.
Content
d. Embryo formation and development
Objective
Trace embryo formation and development to the formation of seeds and fruits.
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7Plant Propagation Methods
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Sexual propagation: use of seeds, seed viability, viability test, seed rate and seed germination
Objective
Classify crops propagated by sexual methods; determine seed viability and seed rate; differentiate between types of seed germination; examine conditions for seed germination.
Content
b. Asexual (vegetative) propagation, e.g. cutting, budding, grafting and layering
Objective
Classify crops into different vegetative propagation methods.
Content
c. Nursery and nursery management
Objective
Determine appropriate nursery sites and types, including their advantages and disadvantages; apply techniques of transplanting seedlings.
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8Cropping Systems, Planting Patterns and Plant Densities
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Cropping systems: monocropping, mixed, multiple, inter-, relay-, strip- and rotational cropping
Objective
Identify and compare cropping systems and apply different systems to solve agricultural problems.
Content
b. Planting patterns: broadcasting, row spacing and drilling
Objective
Differentiate between the various planting patterns.
Content
c. Plant densities: single, double and multiple stands
Objective
Examine types of plant densities and their effects on crop yield; compute plant density per hectare.
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9Crop Husbandry
11 content items · 11 objectives
Content
General study of common and scientific names, gross morphology, anatomy of storage organs, propagation, husbandry, harvesting, processing, storage, diseases, pests and economic importance of crops
Objective
Apply propagation, husbandry, harvesting, processing and storage methods to each crop; identify common diseases and pests and their effects on yield; determine the economic importance of crops and relate it to national economic development.
Content
Group 1: Cereals, e.g. maize, guinea corn and rice
Objective
Apply appropriate crop husbandry and identify the diseases, pests, uses and economic importance of cereals.
Content
Group 2: Legumes, e.g. cowpea, groundnut and soybean
Objective
Apply appropriate crop husbandry and identify the diseases, pests, uses and economic importance of legumes.
Content
Group 3: Tubers, e.g. yam, cassava and sweet potatoes
Objective
Apply appropriate crop husbandry and identify the diseases, pests, uses and economic importance of tubers.
Content
Group 4: Vegetables and spices, e.g. tomatoes, eggplant, pepper, onions, okra, cabbage and Amaranthus species
Objective
Apply appropriate crop husbandry and identify the diseases, pests, uses and economic importance of vegetables and spices.
Content
Group 5: Fruits, e.g. citrus, pineapple and pawpaw
Objective
Apply appropriate crop husbandry and identify the diseases, pests, uses and economic importance of fruits.
Content
Group 6: Beverages, e.g. cocoa, kola and coffee
Objective
Apply appropriate crop husbandry and identify the diseases, pests, uses and economic importance of beverage crops.
Content
Group 7: Oils, e.g. oil palm, coconut and shea butter
Objective
Apply appropriate crop husbandry and identify the diseases, pests, uses and economic importance of oil crops.
Content
Group 8: Latex, e.g. para rubber and gum Arabic
Objective
Apply appropriate crop husbandry and identify the diseases, pests, uses and economic importance of latex crops.
Content
Group 9: Fibres, e.g. jute, cotton and sisal hemp
Objective
Apply appropriate crop husbandry and identify the diseases, pests, uses and economic importance of fibre crops.
Content
Group 10: Sugars, e.g. sugarcane and beet
Objective
Apply appropriate crop husbandry and identify the diseases, pests, uses and economic importance of sugar crops.
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10Pasture and Forage Crops
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Gross morphology, propagation and husbandry of common pasture grasses and legumes; establishment, maintenance, conservation and uses of pastures and forage crops
Objective
Classify common pasture grasses and legumes; differentiate pasture and forage crops by common and scientific names; distinguish methods of pasture conservation, e.g. hay- and silage-making.
Content
b. Natural grasslands and their distribution in West Africa
Objective
Relate vegetation zones to their dominant pasture species.
Content
c. Range management
Objective
Determine range types and utilization of range resources in Nigeria.
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11Floriculture
1 content item · 1 objective
Content
Identification, establishment, maintenance and uses of ornamental trees, shrubs and flowers
Objective
Distinguish between common ornamental trees, shrubs and flowers; determine their uses and maintenance.
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12Weeds
2 content items · 2 objectives
Content
a. Gross morphology, methods of reproduction and dispersal, and effects of weeds
Objective
Identify weeds by common and scientific names; classify weeds by mode of dispersal; identify characteristic features of weeds.
Content
b. Weed control methods: weeding, mulching, cover cropping, tillage, herbicides and trap cropping
Objective
Apply various weed-control methods.
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13Crop Diseases
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Identification of disease-causing organisms in storage and in the field
Objective
Distinguish between common storage and field disease-causing organisms.
Content
b. Diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses; symptoms, damage, transmission and control
Objective
Relate disease-causing organisms to damage, symptoms and modes of spread; apply appropriate control methods.
Content
c. Side effects of preventive and control methods, e.g. pollution, poisoning and disruption of ecosystems
Objective
Relate each control method to its side effects.
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14Crop Pests
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Pests of agricultural plants in the field and in storage; types, importance, and principles and methods of prevention and control
Objective
Identify field and storage pests, assess their economic importance, and relate prevention and control methods to different pests.
Content
b. Life cycles of biting insects, e.g. grasshopper; boring insects, e.g. weevils; sucking insects, e.g. aphids and cotton strainer
Objective
Describe insect life cycles and apply this knowledge to pest prevention and control.
Content
c. Common pesticides and their side effects
Objective
Differentiate between common pesticides and examine their modes of action on pests.
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15Forest Management (Silviculture)
2 content items · 2 objectives
Content
a. Importance of forests as sources of wood, pulp, fibre and other forest products
Objective
Relate various forest products to their uses.
Content
b. Conservation: regulation, exploitation, regeneration, afforestation, agroforestry and management systems such as taungya, alley and ley
Objective
Compare different forest conservation methods and apply them appropriately.
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3Section C: Animal Production
9 topics · 22 objectives
1Forms and Classification of Major Farm Animals in West Africa
2 content items · 2 objectives
Content
a. Species, breeds, distribution and uses
Objective
Classify various breeds of farm animals and identify where they are found.
Content
b. External features of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry
Objective
Identify the uses of different species of farm animals and their characteristic features.
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2General Terminologies in Animal Production
1 content item · 1 objective
Content
Common terms used in animal husbandry, e.g. calving, kidding, castrate, tupping, veal and mutton
Objective
Distinguish between the various terms used in animal husbandry.
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3Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Functions of tissues and organs of farm animals
Objective
Distinguish between the functions of various tissues and organs of farm animals.
Content
b. Animal body systems: digestive systems in ruminants and non-ruminants, reproductive, respiratory, urinary (excretory) and nervous systems
Objective
Compare different body systems in farm animals.
Content
c. Effects of environmental changes on physiological development, e.g. climate change, temperature, relative humidity and light
Objective
Determine the effects of climate change and other environmental changes on farm animals.
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4Reproduction in Farm Animals
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Gametogenesis, oestrus cycle, signs and periods of heat, secondary sexual characteristics, gestation periods, parturition and hormones in reproduction
Objective
Explain reproduction in farm animals and determine the role of hormones in reproduction.
Content
b. Development, nourishment and birth of the young; mammary glands and lactation
Objective
Trace development in farm animals from fertilization to birth and care of the young.
Content
c. Egg formation, incubation and hatching in poultry
Objective
Trace the process of egg formation and incubation in poultry.
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5Animal Nutrition
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Feed nutrients and their functions
Objective
Identify the various feed nutrients, their sources and functions.
Content
b. Feeds and feeding: simple ration formulation, balanced ration, pasture and forage crops such as guinea grass, elephant grass, giant star grass, Andropogon species and Calopogonium species; hay and silage preparation; maintenance and production rations
Objective
Differentiate between types of animal feeds and their formulation; relate types of rations to different classes of livestock.
Content
c. Nutrient deficiencies: causes and symptoms of malnutrition and their correction in farm animals
Objective
Trace symptoms to nutrient deficiencies in farm animals and apply appropriate corrective measures.
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6Livestock Management
1 content item · 1 objective
Content
Housing, feeding, sanitation and veterinary care of ruminants, pigs, rabbits and poultry under intensive, semi-intensive and extensive systems, from birth to slaughter
Objective
Apply different management practices for farm animals.
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7Animal Health
2 content items · 2 objectives
Content
a. Animal diseases (pathology): environmental predisposing factors, causal organisms, symptoms, transmission and effects; prevention and treatment of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa
Objective
Identify farm-animal diseases and causal agents; classify diseases by symptoms and transmission; apply appropriate preventive and curative measures.
Content
b. Parasites (parasitology): life cycles and economic importance of endoparasites, ectoparasites and disease vectors; prevention and control by dipping, spraying, deworming and sanitation
Objective
Classify livestock parasites, determine their role in disease transmission, trace parasite life cycles from egg to adult, and apply appropriate prevention and control methods.
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8Fisheries and Wildlife
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Fish culture systems and common fish, e.g. tilapia and catfish; extensive systems including inland and deep-sea fishing, lakes and rivers; semi-intensive systems such as dams; intensive systems such as fish ponds; pond establishment and management including fertilization, liming and desilting
Objective
Identify common fish in West Africa; differentiate fish-farming systems; determine factors to consider in intensive fish farming.
Content
b. Fish harvesting and processing: drag nets, hook and line, curing, sun-drying, smoking and fishery regulations
Objective
Assess advantages and disadvantages of fish harvesting and processing methods; determine appropriate catching and preservation methods; identify fishery regulations in Nigeria.
Content
c. Wildlife management: habitat conservation, feeding, domestication, harvesting, processing and wildlife regulations
Objective
Identify animals found in West African game reserves, give reasons for establishing game reserves, and identify common wildlife regulations.
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9Bee-keeping (Apiculture)
4 content items · 4 objectives
Content
a. Meaning and importance of apiculture
Objective
Relate bee-keeping to economic development.
Content
b. Types of bees, e.g. exotic and indigenous bees
Objective
Differentiate between various types of bees.
Content
c. Methods of bee-keeping, e.g. traditional and modern bee-keeping
Objective
Classify methods of bee-keeping.
Content
d. Equipment and safety measures in bee-keeping
Objective
Identify bee-keeping equipment, their uses and necessary precautionary measures.
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4Section D: Agricultural Economics and Extension
6 topics · 22 objectives
1Factors of Agricultural Production
4 content items · 4 objectives
Content
a. Land: types of land ownership in West Africa
Objective
Understand the meaning and uses of land, identify forms of land ownership, examine their effects on agriculture, and differentiate land features and their effects on land use.
Content
b. Labour
Objective
Differentiate between types and sources of labour and their effects on agricultural production.
Content
c. Capital
Objective
Compare sources of capital and associated problems.
Content
d. Management
Objective
Determine the functions of a farm manager in an agricultural enterprise.
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2Basic Economic Principles
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Demand and supply
Objective
Relate demand to supply in agricultural production and interpret graphical representations of demand and supply.
Content
b. Production function: input/input, output/output and input/output relationships; stages of production, diminishing returns, scale of preference and choice
Objective
Relate input to output and deduce economic concepts from graphical representations.
Content
c. Characteristics of agricultural production: small farm holdings, biological limits, climate susceptibility, seasonality and price elasticity of demand and supply
Objective
Distinguish common features of agricultural production and produce; compute elasticity of demand and supply.
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3Labour Management
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Labour relations, including supervision
Objective
Identify ways of achieving labour efficiency.
Content
b. Types of labour, including permanent labour
Objective
Differentiate between types and sources of labour.
Content
c. National labour laws and regulations
Objective
Apply national labour laws and regulations.
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4Farm Management
5 content items · 5 objectives
Content
a. Qualities, functions and problems of a farm manager
Objective
Identify the qualities, functions and problems of a farm manager.
Content
b. Records and record-keeping: types and importance, including livestock records and profit-and-loss account books
Objective
Differentiate between types of farm records and give reasons for keeping farm records.
Content
c. Stock evaluation: gross and net profits; appreciation, depreciation and salvage value
Objective
Determine gross and net margins, appreciation, depreciation and salvage value.
Content
d. Agricultural insurance: meaning, importance, types and problems
Objective
Examine the relevance of agricultural insurance, determine appropriate insurance schemes and identify associated problems.
Content
e. Agricultural financing: meaning, importance, types and problems
Objective
Identify the relevance of agricultural finance and determine problems associated with agricultural finance.
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5Marketing of Agricultural Produce
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Importance of marketing
Objective
Evaluate the importance of agricultural marketing.
Content
b. Marketing channels
Objective
Classify marketing agents and their functions; determine how marketing channels can pose problems for agricultural production.
Content
c. Characteristics of agricultural products affecting their marketing
Objective
Determine the characteristics of agricultural products that affect their marketing.
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6Agricultural Extension
4 content items · 4 objectives
Content
a. Meaning and importance
Objective
Identify the importance of agricultural extension.
Content
b. Roles of Agricultural Development Programmes, universities, research institutes and farmers' organizations (cooperative societies)
Objective
Analyse the roles of government and non-governmental organizations in agricultural extension education.
Content
c. Extension methods, including demonstration plots, visual aids and mass media
Objective
Differentiate between the various extension methods.
Content
d. Problems of agricultural extension in West Africa and possible solutions
Objective
Examine problems of agricultural extension in West Africa and provide possible solutions.
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5Section E: Agricultural Technology
8 topics · 18 objectives
1Farm Surveying and Farmstead Planning
4 content items · 4 objectives
Content
a. Meaning and importance
Objective
Examine the relevance of farm surveying to agriculture.
Content
b. Common surveying equipment, their uses and care
Objective
Classify common surveying equipment and explain their uses and care.
Content
c. Common survey methods
Objective
Differentiate between common survey methods.
Content
d. Principles of farmstead planning
Objective
Apply survey principles to farmstead layout and identify factors to consider in farmstead planning.
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2Simple Farm Tools
1 content item · 1 objective
Content
Identification, use and maintenance of simple farm tools
Objective
Identify, use and maintain simple farm tools, and compare their advantages and disadvantages.
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3Farm Machinery and Implements
2 content items · 2 objectives
Content
a. Types: machinery, e.g. tractor and milking machine; implements
Objective
Identify common farm machinery and implements and classify machinery according to their uses.
Content
b. Uses and maintenance of farm machinery and implements
Objective
Operate farm machines and implements and apply appropriate maintenance routines.
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4Mechanization and Sources of Farm Power
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Sources of farm power, e.g. animals and machines
Objective
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of various sources of farm power and their applications.
Content
b. Advantages and disadvantages of agricultural mechanization
Objective
Distinguish between the advantages and disadvantages of mechanization.
Content
c. Problems and prospects of mechanized agriculture in West Africa
Objective
Assess the problems and prospects of mechanized agriculture in West Africa.
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5Processing and Storage
2 content items · 2 objectives
Content
a. Traditional and modern methods of food processing, e.g. gari, rice and groundnut processing
Objective
Identify the importance of agricultural processing and differentiate between methods of processing agricultural produce.
Content
b. Storage
Objective
Identify and compare different storage methods and apply appropriate storage methods to different crops.
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6Introduction to Biotechnology
1 content item · 1 objective
Content
Basic terms, e.g. tissue culture, anther culture, in vitro fertilization and genetic engineering
Objective
Use basic terms in biotechnology and explain the importance and applications of biotechnology.
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7Application of ICT in Agriculture
3 content items · 3 objectives
Content
a. Features of computers
Objective
Identify the various components of a computer.
Content
b. Uses of computers in agriculture: disease and weather forecasting, ration formulation, databases and simulation studies
Objective
Use computers to enhance agricultural practices.
Content
c. Communication gadgets, e.g. mobile phones and the internet
Objective
Use communication gadgets to improve agricultural production.
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8Introduction to Agricultural Research and Statistics
2 content items · 2 objectives
Content
a. Basic concepts in planning agricultural experiments, e.g. hypothesis, treatment and control
Objective
Use basic concepts in agricultural experiments.
Content
b. Interpretation of results, e.g. measures of central tendency and experimental errors
Objective
Draw inferences from experimental results and compute simple measures of central tendency.
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